Note: This tutorial assumes that you have completed the previous tutorials: 创建ROS软件包. |
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构建ROS软件包
Description: 本教程介绍了构建软件包及使用的工具链。Tutorial Level: BEGINNER
Next Tutorial: 理解ROS节点
Building Packages
一旦安装了所需的系统依赖项,我们就可以编译刚刚创建的package了。
使用rosmake
rosmake是跟make 类似的小工具, 但它会针对ROS做一些相应的处理。当你执行rosmake beginner_tutorials命令, 编译beginner_tutorials package,并按照正确的顺序链接所依赖的package。 因为我们在创建的ROS package的时候加入了对 rospy, roscpp, 和std_msgs 的依赖,所以这些package(以及它们的依赖项,等等,如此反复) 都将会被rosmake所编译。
使用方法:
rosmake [package]
执行:
$ rosmake beginner_tutorials
这条指令的执行需要一些时间。在这期间,你会看到如下的信息输出:
[ rosmake ] No package specified. Building ['beginner_tutorials'] [ rosmake ] Logging to directory [ rosmake ] /home/dbking/.ros/rosmake_output-2009-09-22-03-17-14 [ rosmake ] [ 0 of 18 Completed ] [rosmake-0] >>> genmsg_cpp >>> [ make ] [rosmake-0] <<< genmsg_cpp <<< [PASS] [ 0.39 seconds ] [ rosmake ] [ 1 of 18 Completed ] ... ... ... [ rosmake ] [ 17 of 18 Completed ] [rosmake-0] >>> beginner_tutorials >>> [ make ] [rosmake-0] <<< beginner_tutorials <<< [PASS] [ 0.79 seconds ]
在Fuerte版本, 依赖项被大规模精简,所以几乎会马上输出:
[ rosmake ] rosmake starting... [ rosmake ] Packages requested are: ['beginner_tutorials'] [ rosmake ] Logging to directory /home/alex/.ros/rosmake/rosmake_output-20120603-082414 [ rosmake ] Expanded args ['beginner_tutorials'] to: ['beginner_tutorials'] [rosmake-0] Starting >>> std_msgs [ make ] [rosmake-1] Starting >>> roslang [ make ] [rosmake-0] Finished <<< std_msgs ROS_NOBUILD in package std_msgs No Makefile in package std_msgs [rosmake-1] Finished <<< roslang ROS_NOBUILD in package roslang No Makefile in package roslang [rosmake-1] Starting >>> rospy [ make ] [rosmake-2] Starting >>> roscpp [ make ] [rosmake-1] Finished <<< rospy ROS_NOBUILD in package rospy No Makefile in package rospy [rosmake-2] Finished <<< roscpp ROS_NOBUILD in package roscpp No Makefile in package roscpp [rosmake-2] Starting >>> beginner_tutorials [ make ] [rosmake-2] Finished <<< beginner_tutorials [PASS] [ 1.14 seconds ] [ rosmake ] Results: [ rosmake ] Built 5 packages with 0 failures. [ rosmake ] Summary output to directory [ rosmake ] /home/alex/.ros/rosmake/rosmake_output-20120603-082414
rosmake 多个ROS package
同样,我们可以利用 rosmake同时编译多个package。
使用方法:
rosmake [package1] [package2] [package3]
Review
下面,复习一下刚刚使用过的指令:
- rosdep = ros+dep(endencies) : 安装package所需系统依赖项的小工具
- rosmake = ros+make : 编译 ROS package
Contents
构建软件包
只要安装了这个包的所有系统依赖项,就可以开始编译软件包了。
注意:如果你是通过apt或者其它软件包管理器来安装ROS的,那么系统已经安装好了所有的依赖项。
如果你还没设置环境的话,记得先soucre一下。在Ubuntu中的操作如下:
$ source /opt/ros/<distro>/setup.bash
使用catkin_make
catkin_make 是一个命令行工具,它简化了标准catkin工作流程。你可以认为catkin_make是在标准CMake工作流程中依次调用了cmake和make。
用法:
# 在catkin工作空间下 $ catkin_make [make_targets] [-DCMAKE_VARIABLES=...]
如果你不熟悉什么是标准CMake工作流程,可以认为是以下几个步骤:
注意:直接运行以下命令是无效的,因为它只是一个演示CMake工作流程的例子。
# 在CMake工作空间下 $ mkdir build $ cd build $ cmake .. $ make $ make install # (可选)
每个CMake项目都要单独进行这样的步骤。相反,多个catkin项目可以放在工作空间中一起构建,在工作空间中构建零到多个catkin软件包为以下工作流程:
# 在catkin工作空间下 $ catkin_make $ catkin_make install # (可选)
上述命令会构建src目录下的所有catkin项目。该过程遵循REP128的建议。如果你的源代码不在默认位置(catkin_ws/src),比如说存放在了my_src中,那可以这样来使用catkin_make:
注意:直接运行以下命令是无效的,因为my_src可能不存在。
# 在catkin工作空间下 $ catkin_make --source my_src $ catkin_make install --source my_src # (可选)
对于catkin_make的高级用法,请参考catkin/commands/catkin_make。
开始构建你的软件包
按照之前的创建ROS软件包教程,你应该已经创建好了一个catkin工作空间和一个名为beginner_tutorials的catkin软件包。现在切换到catkin工作空间并查看src目录:
$ cd ~/catkin_ws/ $ ls src
beginner_tutorials/ CMakeLists.txt@
你可以看到一个名为beginner_tutorials的目录,这就是你之前用catkin_create_pkg命令创建的。现在我们可以使用catkin_make来构建它了:
$ catkin_make
你可以看到很多cmake和make的输出信息:
Base path: /home/user/catkin_ws Source space: /home/user/catkin_ws/src Build space: /home/user/catkin_ws/build Devel space: /home/user/catkin_ws/devel Install space: /home/user/catkin_ws/install #### #### Running command: "cmake /home/user/catkin_ws/src -DCATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX=/home/user/catkin_ws/devel -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/user/catkin_ws/install" in "/home/user/catkin_ws/build" #### -- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.2.1 -- The CXX compiler identification is Clang 4.0.0 -- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot -- Checking whether C compiler has -isysroot - yes -- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag -- Checking whether C compiler supports OSX deployment target flag - yes -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works -- Detecting C compiler ABI info -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done -- Using CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX: /tmp/catkin_ws/devel -- Using CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH: /opt/ros/kinetic -- This workspace overlays: /opt/ros/kinetic -- Found PythonInterp: /usr/bin/python (found version "2.7.1") -- Found PY_em: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/em.pyc -- Found gtest: gtests will be built -- catkin 0.5.51 -- BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is on -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -- ~~ traversing packages in topological order: -- ~~ - beginner_tutorials -- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -- +++ add_subdirectory(beginner_tutorials) -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /home/user/catkin_ws/build #### #### Running command: "make -j4" in "/home/user/catkin_ws/build" ####
请注意,catkin_make首先输出它所使用到的每个空间所在的路径。更多关于空间的信息,请参考REP128和catkin/workspaces。需要注意的是,根据这些变量的默认值,有几个目录已经在catkin工作空间中自动生成了,用ls看看:
$ ls
build devel src
build 目录是构建空间的默认位置,同时cmake和make也是在这里被调用来配置和构建你的软件包。而devel目录是开发空间的默认位置, 在安装软件包之前,这里可以存放可执行文件和库。
现在我们已成功构建了一个ROS软件包,让我们再聊聊理解ROS节点。